Cost Price, Selling Price and Rates of Profit and Loss – Definition, Facts, Formula, Examples

Every product in the market has a cost price and selling price. To determine the product price in the market and also to understand the profit of the business, we use the formula of cost price and selling price. Know about the cost price, selling price and rates of profit and loss formula, definition, solved examples, real-time situations, etc.

Suppose that you went to a shopping mall to buy a new shirt worth Rs. 900. Also, suppose that you find the 10% off tag on it. The tag you find on it is the discount offered on the shirt. After calculating the discount value, the final price of the shirt is the selling price of the shirt. To know the complete details of cost price, selling price, and rates of profit and loss, check the below sections. Learn all the 9th grade math concepts along with calculating Cost Price and Selling Price.

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Main Concepts of Cost Price and Selling Price

Read the below definitions and note down the formula to solve all the problems on Cost Price and Selling Price.

Cost Price

The amount of value paid to purchase the article or the amount at which the product is made is determined as the cost price. The abbreviation of the cost price is C.P.

  • Fixed Cost: The cost that doesn’t vary and is constant under any circumstances is a fixed cost.
  • Variable Cost: The cost that varies depending on the number of units.

Selling Price

After all the discounts and margins, the final price at which the article is sold is determined as the selling price. The abbreviation of the selling price is S.P.

Discount

Discount is the percentage of a commodity or good that is subtracted from the actual amount of good that is to be sold.

Profit

The amount or price gained by selling a product or commodity is called profit.

Loss

The amount or price that is incurred after selling the commodity or product less than the cost price, is called a Loss.

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Formulas for Cost Price, Selling Price and Rates of Profit and Loss

The formulas for cost price, selling price, and rates of profit and loss are as follows:

(i) The formula for Profit and Profit Percentage is
Profit = Selling Price – Cost Price
Profit Percentage = (Profit / C.P) * 100

(ii) The formula for Loss and Loss Percentage is
Loss = Cost Price – Selling Price
Loss Percentage = (Loss / C.P) * 100

(iii) The formula for Cost Price is
Cost Price = Selling Price – Profit

(iv) The formula for Selling Price is
Selling Price = Cost Price + Profit

How to Calculate Cost Price?

To calculate the cost price, we have to follow a few steps:

  • Determine the total amounts of all commodities purchased.
  • Add the selling price with profit or loss to find the cost price of the product.
  • Now, use the cost price formula and calculate the final price
  • The formula for Cost Price is Profit or Loss + Selling Price

How to Calculate Selling Price?

To calculate the selling price, we have to follow a few steps:

  • Determine the total amounts of all commodities purchased.
  • Divide the final total cost of products by the number of items purchased to get the final cost price.
  • Now, use the selling price formula and calculate the final price
  • The formula for Selling Price is Cost Price + Profit Earned

Solved Examples on Cost Price, Selling Price and Rates of Profit and Loss

Check out the below examples to learn the in-depth concepts of cost price and selling price.

Example 1: The shopkeeper bought a washing machine for Rs. 18000. He sold that washing machine for 10% profit. Find the price of the washing machine at which the customer will buy it. Also, find the earned profit or loss by the shopkeeper?

Solution: Given that,
Cost Price = Rs. 18,000
Profit = 10%
The formula to find the selling price of the washing machine is
SP = CP * [(100 + Profit%) / 100]
Here, SP is the selling price
CP is the cost price
Selling Price = CP * [(100 + Profit%) / 100]
SP = 18000 * [(100 + 10%) / 100]
SP = 18000 * 110 / 100
SP = 19,800
The selling price of the washing machine is Rs. 19,800
As selling price is greater than cost price, the profit is earned by the shopkeeper
Profit = Selling Price – Cost Price
Profit = 19,800 – 18,000
Profit = 1800

Therefore, the profit earned is 1800. Hence, the selling price of the washing machine is 19,800, the profit earned is 1800.

Example 2: Shiva sold an item for the price of Rs. 760. He sold it for a loss of 5%. Find the price at which he bought that item and also find the loss amount for Shiva?

Solution: Given that,
Selling Price of an item = Rs. 760
Loss = 5%
Let the cost price of an item be x.
Loss = x * 5/100 = Rs. x/20
So, the selling price is x – x/20 = Rs. 19x/20
As we know that the selling price = Rs. 760
19x/20 = 760
x = 760 * 20/19
x = Rs. 800
Therefore, the cost price of the item = Rs. 800
To find the loss amount we have to find the 5% of 800
5% of 800 is 40

Hence, the loss amount is 40.

Example 3: Shravan bought a TV for Rs. 10,000 and sold a profit of 15%. Find the amount of money Shravan gets for it?

Solution: Given that,
Cost Price = Rs. 10,000
Profit = 15%
To find the selling price of the TV, we use the formula
Profit = Cost Price * Profit%
Profit = 1000 * 15/100
Profit = Rs. 1500
To find the selling price, the formula used is
Selling Price = Profit + Cost Price
Selling Price = 1500 + 10000
Selling Price = Rs. 11500

Therefore, Shravan got Rs. 1500 as profit and sold the TV for Rs. 11,500.

FAQs on Cost Price, Selling Price, and Rates of Profit and Loss

1. What are the selling price and cost price?

The selling price is the price that the product or item is to be sold for a particular amount. Also, the cost price is the price that the product or item is to be purchased for a particular amount.

2. How do you calculate profit and loss?

We can find the profit and loss by calculating the differences between the total income to total expenses. If the total income is greater than the expenses, it is profit or if the total income is less than the expenses, then it is a loss.

3. What is the formula of profit percentage and formula of loss percentage?

The profit percentage formula is 100 × Profit/Cost Price. Also, the loss percentage formula is 100 × Loss/Cost Price.

4. What are Profit and Loss Formulas?

The Profit and Loss Formulas are
Profit = Selling Price – Cost Price
Loss = Cost Price – Selling Price.

Cost Price, Selling Price, and Rates of Profit and Loss helps in applying the formulas in solving the various problems. Follow the various problems, formulae, and definitions of profit, cost price, loss, and selling price here.

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